On the other hand, in renal cancer, increased levels of NEU3 mRNA have been identified in association with high levels of IL-6, a cytokine that acts as an activator of NEU3, and in turn, NEU3 drives IL-6-mediated signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway leading to a malignant phenotype characterized by reduced apoptosis and increased cell mobility [67]. Here, NEU3 is linked to renal carcinoma.