Kim et al. performed an in-vitro experiment in which they characterised PD-L1 abundance on the membrane of EVs by immunohistochemical staining and found that plasma EVs from NSCLC patients showed PD-L1 localisation to their membrane proportional to PD-L1 positivity of the primary tumour [123]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.