IL1B and infection: Aside from pathogenicity and infections, macrophages may detect several natural molecules, such as proteins, glycosides, and polysaccharides, as stimuli to induce immunological responses through the secretion of several cytokines, such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and chemokines [26].