Our study confirmed the significance of the complex research into different cell factors in cholesteatoma and revealed the most important of them: remodeling factors MMP-2, MMP9, TIMP-2 and TIMP-4; Shh gene protein; pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-10; cellular proliferation markers NF-κβ and Ki-67; angiogenetic factor VEGF and Human beta defensins 2 and 4. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is cholesteatoma.