An epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in renal fibrosis, and an experiment discovered OTA activated TGF-β/Smad2/3 and B-catenin/Wnt signaling pathways to induce EMT and renal fibrosis by evidence of increasing expression of α-SMA and fibronectin. This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and renal fibrosis.