However, with 3-week post-injection of GCSF into AML- (AML + GCSF), CYT- (CYT + GCSF) and (AML + CYT)- (AML + CYT + GCSF) treated mice, there was a significant increase in the percentage of tubules with 10 CREM-stained cells/tubule and in the expression levels of CREM in their testicular homogenates compared to AML-, CYT- and (AML + CYT)-treated mice (Figure 5C,C1). Here, CSF3 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.