Our ‘in-house’ RNAseq data demonstrate that increased PLEKHS1 expression is significantly associated with high-risk NMIBC (in both G3T1 tumours and CIS) and significant reductions in the expression of IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4, and IGF-1R. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP2 and in situ carcinoma.