CSF2 and melanoma: In 2015, the U.S. FDA approved a genetically modified, HSV-1–based oncolytic immunotherapy for advanced melanoma (talimogenelaherparepvecImlygic®; or T-VEC, previously Oncovex GM-CSF) and currently there are 109 clinical trials for oncolytic virotherapies (clinicaltrials.gov, accessed on July 2021).