PARP1 and cancer: The proteins involved in mitochondrial function, autophagy, apoptosis, and proliferation were analyzed via hierarchical clustering (Figure 5D), including Ras-related protein Rab 7A, cathepsin D (CTSD), voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1), PARP-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Galectin-1, and Elongation factor 1-alpha (EEF1A1), which are important factors in cancer progression [27,28,29,30,31].