It has been shown that hypomethylation is associated with increased gene expression, and that many genes involved in RA pathogenesis, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)2, are hypomethylated in synovial fibroblasts derived from RA patients [38]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.