TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Inflamed tissue in IBD secreted less granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-gamma, CCL4/macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) after being treated with bromelain in vitro.