BRAF and metastatic melanoma: For example, patients with metastatic melanoma positive for the BRAF mutation can be treated with combined proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, and now they can also be treated with checkpoint inhibition through programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) receptors for patients that show systemic metastasis [5,19,20].