The discovery of BRAF mutations in 50–60% of primary melanoma has led to the development of BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and encorafenib), as well as MEK inhibitors (cobimetinib, trametinib, and binimetinib), which have improved prognoses and the overall survival in patients with metastatic BRAF-mutant disease. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.