PNPLA3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Singal et al. further suggested that the enzyme patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) is linked to an increased risk of advanced fibrosis and is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with liver disease and NASH or alcohol-related cirrhosis, respectively [17,18].