VEGFA and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Figure 3A shows a purulent secretion at the implantation site after 48 h with high ICC. Histological staining with Masson Trichrome revealed that uninfected implants were in close contact with the surrounding endothelium, whereas the infected implants had no direct contact to the surrounding endothelium. In line with the increase of ICC, aggregates were found between the implant and the endothelium (Figure 3B). Gene expression of the VEGF and ICAM-1 in the infected implant contact tissue demonstrated a time as well as ICC-dependent increase (Figure 3C,D).