TGFB1 and carcinoma: Using an in vivo serial dilution assay, Tang et al. observed that compared to the control MCF10A-Ca1h xenografts (a xenograft model of human breast cancer using the immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A, which has an additional activated Ha-ras on-cogene for tumorigenesis), TGF-βunresponsive tumors, through transfection of a dominant negative type II TGF-β receptor, were 10–20-fold more effective at tumor formation, supporting the tumor suppressor role of TGF-β in early carcinoma development [27].