Changes in the concentration of bone morphogenetic proteins, BMP-2 and BMP-7, and their soluble type-I receptors, demonstrated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, ALK-1, and type-IIBMPR, indicate their participation in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, mainly by affecting the process of angiogenesis. The gene discussed is BMP7; the disease is endometriosis.