Additional promising directions that merit further clinical investigation pertain to evaluating HDAC inhibition in the neoadjuvant setting in combination with immunotherapy, evaluating whether HDAC inhibition can potentiate chemoradiotherapy responses in the curative-intent setting, and deciphering the role of HDAC inhibition in potentiating chemoimmunotherapy responses in R/M HNSCC. The gene discussed is HDAC9; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.