Regarding immune checkpoints, such as the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and its programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2, which represent one prominent mechanism to escape immune surveillance, an increased PD-L1 expression was detected in EBV-positive when compared to EBV-negative specimens from NPC [139], gastric cancer [261], DLBCL and cHL [183,262], respectively. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.