ALCAM and lung carcinoma: Figure 3 demonstrates the available information of the overall expression pattern of ALCAM in various cancer types at mRNA and protein levels, in which a number of endocrine-related cancers, including breast, prostate, thyroid, and lung cancers, have high expression levels [33]. This is interesting as these 4 cancer types have a high tendency for bone metastasis. It has been reported previously that ALCAM was indeed a protein linked to bone metastasis [34,35]. The following sections have summarised the clinical and pathological impacts of ALCAM in cancer types that are highlighted in Table 1.