IDO2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Though the role of the IDO2 enzyme in cancer remains less understood, studies have shown that IDO2 expression is upregulated in certain malignancies such as colon cancer, gastric and renal cancer [96], pancreatic cancer [97], non-small cell lung cancer [98], and may have roles in tumour immune escape, facilitating cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.