Progress in this field has been relatively slow, although genetic studies show promise in the polymorphisms of some genes, such as programmed death receptor 1 (PDCD1) [57], patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) [58] and transmembrane-6 superfamily member-2 (TM6SF2) [59], in combination with other risks (sex, age, BMI, alcohol, type 2 diabetes), may ultimately play a role in stratified surveillance for chronic liver disease patients [60]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.