In addition, curcumin inhibited the proliferation of HeLa, CaSki, C33A and ME180 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; and it activated ER-resident unfolded protein response (UPR) sensors (PERK, IRE-1a and ATF6) and their downstream signaling proteins in cervical cancer cells, especially CHOP. Here, DDIT3 is linked to cervical cancer.