TFF1 and carcinoma: Twenty-three out of the 31 malignant lesions (74.2%) showed reduced TFF1 expression, characterized by absence of staining in five cases (all diffuse type carcinomas) (Figure 4A) and decreased expression in eighteen cases (eleven diffuse type, four indeterminate type, and three intestinal type carcinomas) (Figure 4B–E), compared with that observed in normal gastric mucosa.