HIF1A and cancer: Therefore, in this way, on the one hand, aberrant succinate levels can promote epigenetic alterations in cancer cells, on the other hand, following succinate inhibition of PHD-mediated degradation of HIF-1α, the HIF-1α survival pathway is constitutively activated leading to the transcription of genes that mediate the adaptive response to hypoxia, a common hallmark of cancer cells [14,24,25].