SERPINE2 and testicular cancer: Tumor cells have also been found to secrete SERPINE2, with studies showing that abnormal expression of SERPINE2 contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor invasion in various cancers, including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, testicular cancer, skin melanoma, osteosarcoma, thyroid cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, endometrial cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular cell carcinoma [8,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26].