TGFB1 and diabetic kidney disease: It has been reported that Huangkui capsule could improve diabetic nephropathy via activating (PPAR)-α/γ and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats [18]; suppress abnormal renal cell proliferation and fibrosis by inhibiting the Klotho-dependent TGF-β1/p38MAPK pathway[19]; alleviate renal tubular EMT likely by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling[20]; alleviates the early glomerular pathological changes by inhibiting Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling activity.[21]