Under this scenario of a 67% biopsy compliance rate in the control cohort, the prostate cancer incidence would then be 1·0% (two of 210; 95% CI 0·1–3·4) in MSH2 non-carrier controls (vs 4·3% [13 of 305; 2·3–7·2] in MSH2 carriers), with a difference in incidence of 3·3% (0·7–5·9; p=0·032). This evidence concerns the gene MSH2 and prostate carcinoma.