Data from long-term follow-up in the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC)18, 19 and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary screening study (PLCO)20, 21, 22 are similar, indicating a 25–32% decrease in death from prostate cancer when PSA testing is used in a screening context.23 This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.