In contrast, in diseases characterized by a weak immune response (e.g., cancer), enhancement of the inflammatory response have attempted to use mitogens (e.g., phytohemagglutinin: PHA), monoclonal antibodies (mAb; e.g., anti-CD3/CD28), cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and, less commonly, induction of an alloresponse (e.g., Coley’s toxins and graft versus leukemia effects) to strengthen the immune response (Barrett 1997; Barrett and Childs 2000; Deng et al. 2001; Fabre 2001; Liao et al. 2011; Mire-Sluis et al. 1987; Starnes 1992a,b; Stathopoulos et al. 2008; Trickett and Kwan 2003). The gene discussed is CD28; the disease is cancer.