Likewise, a double-blind controlled crossover clinical trial in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients demonstrated that supplementation with a β-carotene-fortified symbiotic food (containing Lactobacillus sporogenes as probiotic, 0.1 g inulin as prebiotic, and 0.05 g β-carotene) for 6 weeks enhanced insulin metabolism and lipid profile as well as augmented the antioxidant GSH plasma levels [143]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.