The CASPIAN trial is another phase III, open label trial where durvalumab, also an anti-PD-L1 inhibitor, was tested in combination with platinum and etoposide (PE, carboplatin or cisplatin allowed), or in addition to tremelimumab, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, (four cycles of induction for each of the two groups, followed by durvalumab maintenance) versus PE alone (six cycles) in 805 treatment-naïve patients with ES-SCLC in a 1:1:1 randomization. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and small cell lung carcinoma.