PTEN and central nervous system cancer: Other genotypes Multiple other less commonly associated mutations in gliomas such as Vascular endothelial growth factor, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog), Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN2A), Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) TERT promoters, and TP53 have also been reported [27].