The level of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12p70, were strikingly decreased (Figure 3a), whereas the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including TGF-β, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-33 were notably increased (Figure 3b) in RES-pretreated mice compared with ALI group. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.