Several proteins, such as αSMA, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), fibroblast-specific protein 1, and podoplanin are known as established CAF markers (Kobayashi et al., 2019), and CAF infiltration is correlated with poor outcomes in cancer patients (Kawase et al., 2008; Fujita et al., 2010; Valach et al., 2012; Yamashita et al., 2012; Sinn et al., 2014; Underwood et al., 2015; Alcaraz et al., 2019). The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is cancer.