Our previous studies and other reports have shown that NQO1 enzyme levels were elevated, whereas catalase (gene: CAT) levels were lower in NSCLC and pancreatic cancers than in associated normal tissues, suggesting that the NQO1/CAT ratios in tumor tissue versus associated normal tissue are an important and highly exploitable therapeutic window (8, 11, 23). This evidence concerns the gene CAT and familial pancreatic carcinoma.