TNF and neoplasm: In addition, Rodríguez et al. demonstrated that long-term 4-MU oral administration in mice with hepatocarcinoma caused, in MØ, an increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, indicating the polarization of these cells towards an M1 profile in tumor and non-tumor regions.