In primary nephrotic syndrome, TGF-β1 accelerates the synthesis of extracellular matrix such as fibroblasts and inhibits the degradation of extracellular matrix components, thus accelerating glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis [22, 23], so it is important to control its level to reduce the condition of nephrosis and improve the renal function of children with nephrosis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is nephrosis.