Mice were intraperitoneally injected with AOM (10 mg/kg) on day -7, followed by three cycles of drinking 2.5% DSS-containing water for 5 days with an interval of 14 days (Figure 1A) to determine the dynamical changes in the levels of both forms of TNF-α during the transformation from colitis to tumors. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infectious otitis media.