TNF and neoplasm: The release of sTNF-α also increases in the mouse colon following azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) treatment, and ablation of TNF receptor (TNFR) 1 results in reduced mucosal damage, macrophage and neutrophil recruitment, and tumor formation in mouse colon, suggesting a tumor-promoting role of TNF-α in CAC (12).