FGF21 and cardiac hypertrophy: FGF21 is released by cardiomyocytes for avoiding hypertrophy, and also participates in regulating the expression of antioxidant pathway genes for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, and acting as an antioxidant factor in the heart to control inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy (Planavila et al., 2013, 2015).