In KEYNOTE-590, a combination of the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab with chemotherapy demonstrated a survival benefit compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with OAC or SCC, particularly in tumours with a combined positive score (the CPS, based on the number of PD-L1 positive cells in relation to the total number of tumour cells) ≥10 [83, 84]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.