TLR4 and urinary bladder cancer: Szajnik et al. (2009) suggested that in ovarian cancer, LPS mediated upregulated TLR4/MyD88 might assist cancer cells in progression and development of chemoresistance ultimately aiding them in immune evasion. However, TLR4 agonists have been tested for the development of antitumor response against bladder cancer (Moghadam and Nowroozi, 2019).