Of note, loss of ARID1A in gastric epithelial cells may be an early event in tumorigenesis, which occurs earlier than EBV infection, whereas ARID1A deficiency in gastric cancer cells without EBV infection or MLH1 promotes cancer progression, suggesting that ARID1A plays different roles in gastric carcinoma (53). Here, MLH1 is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection.