The reason for this lack in knowledge is that many of these DNA receptors, such as interferon-gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16), Z-DNA-binding protein 1 or DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors (ZBP1/DAI), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome, were characterized more recently for their structural properties, downstream signaling pathways, and role in infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders (33). Here, ZBP1 is linked to infectious disease.