VDAC1 and cancer: Indeed, the pivotal role of VDAC1 in regulating cancer cellular energy, metabolism, and viability is reflected in the findings that downregulation of VDAC1 expression reduced cellular ATP levels, metabolite exchange between the mitochondria and cytosol cell proliferation, and tumor growth (Abu-Hamad et al., 2006; Koren et al., 2010; Shoshan-Barmatz and Golan, 2012; Arif et al., 2014, 2017).