SNCA and Parkinson disease: It lowered α-synuclein phosphorylation and upregulated neurotrophic factors in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD (Katila et al., 2017), and prevented the loss of dopamine-producing brain cells in a model of PD (Lu et al., 2016).