VDAC1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: Metformin’s anti-cancer effects can be mediated through induction of VDAC1 overexpression, as shown in NCaP cells (Loubiere et al., 2017) in polycystic ovary syndrome-like rats (Zhang et al., 2017) and the presence of citral in RD cells (Duan et al., 2021).