PTAFR and Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections: The expression of some bacterial receptors, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), platelet activating factor-receptor (PAF-r) and carcinoembryonic antigen-associated cellular adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), was induced during RSV infection, which enhances the binding of bacteria to prolong lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).