A number of candidate genetic variants have been reported to contribute to an individual's susceptibility to NAFLD, of which rs738409 C>G, which encodes the I148M protein variant of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing-3 (PNPLA3), has been identified as a strong determinant of liver fat accumulation that is not associated with body mass, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance 3, 8, 9. Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.