The oncoprint displayed an overall alteration frequency of RAS family of 15.2% in TCGA pan-cancer across TCGA cancers, with the highest frequency existing for ACE (4%), followed by AGT (3%), AGTR1 (3%), ACE2 (2.3%), AGTR2 (1.5%) and MAS1 (1.4%) (Figure 5A). Here, ACE is linked to cancer.