Conversely, Gli2−/−, Gli3−/−, Gli2−/−;Gli3+/− and Foxf1+/− mice show the phenotypes of congenital malformations mostly corresponding to those of Dyrk2−/− mice (Gli2−/−; lack of vertebral body, Gli3−/−; anal stenosis and polydactyly, Gli2−/−;Gli3+/−; agenesis of trachea and esophagus, Foxf1+/−; lung malformations and the asymmetry attachment of rib-sternum and tracheoesophageal stenosis)15,47,50,51. The gene discussed is GLI3; the disease is imperforate anus.