Interestingly, patients with microdeletion/mutation of the FOXF1 gene display multiple phenotypes, such as alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/ MPV), esophageal atresia with/without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF), and the VATER/VACTERL association52–55. This evidence concerns the gene FOXF1 and esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula.