To explore the clinical role of GOLPH3 expression in NSCLC progression, we used IHC staining to examine GOLPH3 expression in 132 formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded NSCLC samples, which included 68 cases with clinical stage I–II lesions (51.5%), and 64 cases with stage III–IV lesions (48.5%) (Fig. 1d, e). Here, GOLPH3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.