GOLPH3 and neoplasm: To explore the role of GOLPH3 in promoting a tumor stemness phenotype in NSCLC cells in vivo, we injected A549 cells (1 × 106, 1 × 105, 1 × 104 or 1 × 103) mixed with Matrigel subcutaneously into the inguinal folds of BALB/c nude mice.