The major beneficial effects of a plant-fish oil, slow carbohydrate diet could be found in the field of inflammation (reduction of plasma TNF-α), early atherosclerosis (absence of fatty streaks in the abdominal aorta), reduced postprandial plasma glucose and triglyceride responses, and reduced postprandial plasma lactate concentrations indicative of improved glucose oxidation after a meal. Here, TNF is linked to atherosclerosis.